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Communicable Diseases

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Matthew
Studies indicate that more than half of all deaths in children under five are caused due to communicable diseases. Some of the most well-known communicable diseases are pneumonia, diarrhoea, measles, malaria and HIV/AIDS. The study also revealed that roughly one million of these deaths are newborns. Reasons behind the increase in child’s health risks are malnutrition, poverty and poor health systems.

One of the cost-effective way to improve children’s health is through immunization. It has been found that about 3 million deaths are prevented each year because of proper vaccinations against diseases like measles, tetanus, diphtheria and yellow fever. However, the health report indicate that nearly 40 million children are still not immunized, which is a cause of worry. Researches are still going on to discover new vaccines against pneumonia, meningitis and acute diarrhea. Various organizations like the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), and government owned projects are introducing new programs to strengthen national immunization as well as improve access to priority existing and new vaccines.

The Bank is playing an active role in exploring innovative financing mechanisms such as Advance Market Commitments (AMC). It is believed that this innovation will accelerate the development of and access to priority new vaccines especially in developing countries. The primary role of AMC is to subsidize the future purchase (up to a pre-agreed price) of a vaccine not yet available. It is also responsible for establishing a larger and more credible vaccine market in the developing countries. Pivotal investments are being made in this arena. In practice, the AMC establishes a market that otherwise is viewed as too small and unpredictable to support investment by the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry.

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